A common question is what is HCC, and how prevalent is it in US adults?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, originating in the main liver cells (hepatocytes). Often linked to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, or infections like hepatitis B or C, it typically affects individuals over 50. Treatments include surgery, liver transplants, and targeted therapies.
At LiverRight, we diagnose HCC, as a function of bloodwork (see our partner LiverTrace), and/or a Liver MRI.
Key clues that a patient might have HCC include:
Common Symptoms
- Abdominal Pain/Discomfort: Often felt on the right side of the upper abdomen or near the right shoulder blade.
- Unexplained Weight Loss: Losing weight without trying.
- Loss of Appetite/Fullness: Feeling full shortly after starting to eat (early satiety).
- Fatigue/Weakness: Constant tiredness and lack of energy.
- Abdominal Swelling (Ascites): A swollen abdomen due to fluid buildup.
- Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes.
- Nausea and Vomiting.
- Fever.
- Easy Bruising or Bleeding.
Physical Diagnostic Clues
- Hard Lump: A palpable mass or lump under the right rib cage.
- Enlarged Liver or Spleen (Hepatomegaly/Splenomegaly).
- Elevated AFP: High levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in blood tests.
- Abnormal Imaging: Nodules, tumors, or vascular changes (e.g., portal vein thrombosis) found on ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans.
High-Risk Indicators
Patients with the following underlying conditions are at highest risk for developing HCC:
- Liver Cirrhosis: Regardless of the cause.
- Chronic Hepatitis B or C Infection.
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).
- Long-term Heavy Alcohol Consumption.
Advanced or Less Common Symptoms
Paraneoplastic Syndromes: High blood calcium levels, low blood sugar, or high red blood cell counts.
Hepatic Encephalopathy: Confusion or forgetfulness.
Severe Bone Pain: If the cancer has spread.
Dark Urine or Pale Stools.